Polymorphism

Polymorphism is a core concept in OOP that refers to the ability of different objects to respond in their own way to the same message or method call.

It allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common super class. It enables a single interface to represent different underlying forms (data types). It's about using a unified interface to operate on objects of different classes.

Think of polymorphism like using a universal remote control. The same remote can control TVs, DVD players, and stereos, each responding differently to the same controls.

Polymorphism in OOP allows objects to be treated as instances of their superclass, leading to code that is easier to extend and maintain. It encapsulates complexity and allows developers to program more abstractly.

Some benefits of Polymorphism include:

1. Flexibility: Allows for flexibility in coding and can lead to more concise, readable, and maintainable code.
2. Simplicity: Simplifies the interface for complex systems.
3. Extensibility: Makes it easier to add new elements that work with existing structures.

Types of Polymorphism

• Compile-Time Polymorphism (Method Overloading): Same method name with different signatures within the same class.
• Runtime Polymorphism (Method Overriding): A subclass overrides a method of its superclass.

Example: Shape System

Imagine a system where different shapes are drawn.

class Shape:
    def draw(self):
        return "Drawing a shape"

class Circle(Shape):
    def draw(self):
        return "Drawing a circle"

class Square(Shape):
    def draw(self):
        return "Drawing a square"

• Here, Circle and Square override the draw method from Shape.
• Despite different implementations, all shapes respond to the draw method. The ability of different objects to respond uniquely to the same message or method call.